islamic caliphate

these days the anniversary of finishing the islamic caliphate >>91 years passed from finishing the caliphate system by the turkish man attaurk after the ottoman state lost at the world war one  alot of people in the islamic world want to get the caliphate system of rule again it is abig hope and dream of alot of muslims ..this article narrate little about islamic caliphate>>

The term caliphate, “dominion of a caliph (‘successor’)” (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa, Turkish: Hilafet), refers to the first system of government established in Islam and represented the leaders unity of the Muslim Ummah (community). In theory, it is an aristocratic–constitutional republic¹ (the Constitution being the Constitution of Medina), which means that the head of state, the Caliph, and other officials are representatives of the people and of Islam and must govern according to constitutional and religious law, or Sharia. In its early days, it resembled elements of direct democracy (see shura) and an elective monarchy.Sunni Islam stipulates that the head of state, the caliph, should be selected by Shura – elected by Muslims or their representatives

The caliph was often known as Amir al-Mu’minin (أمير المؤمنين) “Commander of the Believers”. Muhammad established his capital in Medina, and after he died it remained the capital for the Rashidun period. 

According to Sunni Muslims, the first caliph to be called Amir al-Mu’minin was Abu Bakr Siddique, followed by Umar ibn al-Khattāb, the second of theFour Rightly Guided Caliphs. Uthman ibn Affan and Ali ibn Abi Talib also were called by the same title, while the Shi’a consider Ali to have been the first and only truly legitimate caliph.[4]

Umayyads, 7th–8th centuries

Abbasids, 8th–13th centuries

Ottomans, 16th–20th century

Ottoman rulers (generally known as Sultans in the West) were known primarily by the title of Padishah and used the title of Caliph only sporadically. Mehmed II and his grandson Selim I used it to justify their conquest of Islamic countries. As the Ottoman Empire grew in size and strength, Ottoman rulers beginning with Selim I began to claim Caliphal authority.

Ottoman rulers used the title “Caliph” symbolically on many occasions but it was strengthened when the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 and took control of most Arab lands. The last Abbasid Caliph at Cairo, al-Mutawakkil III, was taken into custody and was transported to Constantinople, where he reportedly surrendered the Caliphate to Selim I. According to Barthold, the first time the title of “Caliph” was used as a political instead of symbolic religious title by the Ottomans was the peace treaty with Russia in 1774.

The outcome of Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 war was disastrous for the Ottomans. Large territories, including those with large Muslim populations, such as Crimea, were lost to the Russian Empire. However, the Ottomans under Abdul Hamid I claimed a diplomatic victory by being allowed to remain the religious leader of Muslims in the now-independent Crimea as part of the peace treaty: in return Russia became the official protector of Christians in Ottoman territory.

Around 1880 Sultan Abdul Hamid II reasserted the title as a way of countering Russian expansion into Muslim lands. His claim was most fervently accepted by the Muslims ofBritish India. By the eve of the First World War, the Ottoman state, despite its weakness relative to Europe, represented the largest and most powerful independent Islamic political entity. The sultan also enjoyed some authority beyond the borders of his shrinking empire as caliph of Muslims in Egypt, India and Central Asia.

[edit]End of the Caliphate, 1924

On March 3, 1924, the first President of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as part of his reforms, constitutionally abolished the institution of the Caliphate. Its powers within Turkey were transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, the parliament of the newly formed Turkish Republic. The title was then claimed by King Hussein bin Ali ofHejaz, leader of the Arab Revolt, but his kingdom was defeated and annexed by Ibn Saud in 1925. The title has since been inactive.

Ottoman influence on other nations, such as in India, may have also been lost due to its ending of caliphate

A summit was convened at Cairo in 1926 to discuss the revival of the Caliphate, but most Muslim countries did not participate and no action was taken to implement the summit’s resolutions.

Though the title Ameer al-Mumineen was adopted by the King of Morocco and by Mullah Mohammed Omar, former head of the Taliban regime of Afghanistan, neither claimed any legal standing or authority over Muslims outside the borders of their respective countries.

[edit]

The following Hadith from Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal can be understood to prophesy two eras of Caliphate (both on the lines/precepts of prophethood).

Hadhrat Huzaifa narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: Prophethood will remain among you as long as Allah wills. Then Caliphate (Khilafah) on the lines of Prophethood shall commence, and remain as long as Allah wills. Then corrupt/erosive monarchy would take place, and it will remain as long as Allah wills. After that, despotic kingship would emerge, and it will remain as long as Allah wills. Then, the Caliphate (Khilafah) shall come once again based on the precept of prophethood)

The Islamic Caliphate:

“We will not accept any alternative to Shari’ah… The Qu’ran is our constitution and it will always be so.”

But What do the Egyptian or other Muslims really want?  More Western culture? More Western products? They say they want to be free. Free from what? Free from a  tyrannical religious mandate that supports a constitution that honors Islamic law as the only law of the land? Or do they want to be secular socialists as some now propose?

You can’t generalize what other Muslims really want .In this region it depend on objectives on each one in these societies.
firstly, gouvernors use religion for their interests because there are a big number of muslims people in this region and in the same time and for their interests towards western countries, they show another face ( secular … ) .
The second kind is the islamic forces, they want to estabilich the foundation of islam in these socities, this is good for everyone there but there are no efforts to fit with contemporary society and they refuse to discuss these things.

The third kind is the rest of peope ( the majority) they are subjected to the forces of power or religion they are is the majority muslims and they accept to cohabit with other people (not muslim ) as they respect them .
So, I think the are no Calipha in our society (someone who take religion and power with the same hand ! ) and people need to find freedom ,freedom to express what they want as change …

From Algerian Islamists with love….

Egypt could plunge into an “Algeria like scenario” of bloody violence after the ruling military council executed a court order to dissolve the country’s elected parliament, Algerian Islamist leaders warned on Sunday.

Algeria experienced a decade-long civil war which witnessed exceptional savagery and bloody violence when the military intervened in 1992 to unseat President Chadli Bendjedid and cancel the second round of an election after the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) won the first round.

Former FIS founder el-Hachemi Sahnouni described events in Egypt in the past few days “as an explicit coup against the people’s will, and it would only bring about evil regardless of what the military council says.”

Sahnouni told Al Arabiya that he was “worried that the biggest Arab country might plunge into violence similar to what occurred in Algeria.”

“If this happens, it will be a catastrophe not only for Egypt but for all of the Arab countries.”

Sahnouni added that the dissolution of Egypt’s Islamist-dominated parliament was “similar to what happened in Algeria in 1991.”

Abdallah Djaballah, the founder of the Justice and Development Front, meanwhile, said that the Egyptian military was receiving “outside” instructions to stop Islamists from taking power.

“The dissolution of Egypt’s People’s Assembly clearly indicates the presence of a strong will within the military council and among influential individuals, with foreign instructions, to stop the Muslim Brotherhood, in particular, and the Egyptian revolution, in general.”

But Abu Jarra Sultani, the leader of the Algerian Movement for the Society of Peace, ruled out the possibility of an armed confrontation between Egypt’s Brotherhoods and the ruling military.

“For more than 70 years, the Brotherhood was victims of violence and I do not think it would resort to violence. The battle will be political,” Algeria’s Brotherhood leader Sultani said.

Before it announced running for presidential elections, Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood movement warned in March 2012 that the country could experience an Algerian like scenario if “other forces” tried to “block the Islamic trend.”

“If the Islamic trend tries to become dominant in positions of authority, we could encounter big problems,” said Mohamed el-Beltagi, Brotherhood leader, according to Egypt Independent.

“If the other forces strive to block or censor the Islamic trend we will encounter a bigger problem,” he added.

http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/06/17/221178.html

mahmoud16

idont generalize what other want i said alot of people and that is obvious in many countries especially in the arab countries after the revolution >>what is your nationality friend??

Oscar73

what do you mean i cant understand u will

read it again u will understand….

Clandestin
e_

caliphate dont mean that one man rule tens of countries .caliphate system is wider than this..caliphate system mean unity and this has many ways ..and i believe tht is the only way to be strong 

Clandestin
e_

caliphate dont mean that one man rule tens of countries .caliphate system is wider than this..caliphate system mean unity and this has many ways ..and i believe tht is the only way to be strong 

i read the second comment and understand and i tell u that all this is bullshits because now moursy won the election in egypt and he is islamist and he is already the president of egypt so what!!!

but the first one i dont understand

.....caliphate system mean unity …unity in the Islamic world it is imposible!!!

even Ejypt after the revolution is not united….and the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution of the Salafis will devided u even more….u will see it several years from now….just let them the position.